Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	12
Number of observations	1551
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	212
Duplicate rows (%)	13.7%
Total size in memory	145.5 KiB
Average record size in memory	96.1 B

Variable types

Numeric	12

Warnings

Dataset has 212 (13.7%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`volatile acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid`	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`volatile acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid`	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `pH`	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `pH` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`volatile acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid`	High correlation
`alcohol` is highly correlated with `density`	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`residual sugar` is highly correlated with `density`	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `pH` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`citric acid` has 124 (8.0%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-08-22 13:15:25.103390
Analysis finished	2021-08-22 13:17:23.838464
Duration	1 minute and 58.74 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.0.0
Download configuration	config.json

fixed acidity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	87
Distinct (%)	5.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.125608126

Minimum	0.9924381114
Maximum	1.2510185
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.9924381114
5-th percentile	1.054038083
Q1	1.092298335
median	1.120086909
Q3	1.156454728
95-th percentile	1.205981701
Maximum	1.2510185
Range	0.2585803887
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.06415639312

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.04602346171
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.04088764168
Kurtosis	-0.2804046955
Mean	1.125608126
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.03134674595
Skewness	0.1385741113
Sum	1745.818203
Variance	0.002118159028
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.09605244	67	4.3%
1.092298335	57	3.7%
1.11687459	53	3.4%
1.106810998	51	3.3%
1.088454951	50	3.2%
1.113592807	49	3.2%
1.129329785	45	2.9%
1.080486385	45	2.9%
1.110239128	45	2.9%
1.103305739	44	2.8%
Other values (77)	1045	67.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9924381114	2	0.1%
0.998928893	4	0.3%
1.005214677	2	0.1%
1.011305625	4	0.3%
1.022940322	14	0.9%
1.028501217	1	0.1%
1.033901667	4	0.3%
1.03914895	9	0.6%
1.044249898	13	0.8%
1.049210929	16	1.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.2510185	2	0.1%
1.243076205	1	0.1%
1.239470534	1	0.1%
1.236994291	1	0.1%
1.235733587	2	0.1%
1.231857549	1	0.1%
1.230533183	3	0.2%
1.229192098	3	0.2%
1.226458395	3	0.2%
1.225065068	2	0.1%

volatile acidity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	140
Distinct (%)	9.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5263120567

Minimum	0.12
Maximum	1.33
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.12
5-th percentile	0.27
Q1	0.39
median	0.52
Q3	0.635
95-th percentile	0.84
Maximum	1.33
Range	1.21
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.245

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1755455183
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3335388504
Kurtosis	0.6144300092
Mean	0.5263120567
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.12
Skewness	0.5557783182
Sum	816.31
Variance	0.03081622901
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6	46	3.0%
0.5	44	2.8%
0.43	43	2.8%
0.59	38	2.5%
0.58	38	2.5%
0.36	37	2.4%
0.4	36	2.3%
0.39	35	2.3%
0.38	34	2.2%
0.56	34	2.2%
Other values (130)	1166	75.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.12	3	0.2%
0.16	2	0.1%
0.18	8	0.5%
0.19	2	0.1%
0.2	3	0.2%
0.21	6	0.4%
0.22	6	0.4%
0.23	5	0.3%
0.24	13	0.8%
0.25	7	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.33	2	0.1%
1.24	1	0.1%
1.185	1	0.1%
1.18	1	0.1%
1.115	1	0.1%
1.09	1	0.1%
1.04	2	0.1%
1.035	1	0.1%
1.025	1	0.1%
1.02	3	0.2%

citric acid
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	78
Distinct (%)	5.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.2705738233

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.78
Zeros	124
Zeros (%)	8.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0.1
median	0.26
Q3	0.42
95-th percentile	0.6
Maximum	0.78
Range	0.78
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.32

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1924782171
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7113704302
Kurtosis	-0.8911411064
Mean	0.2705738233
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.16
Skewness	0.2818176003
Sum	419.66
Variance	0.03704786406
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	124	8.0%
0.49	65	4.2%
0.24	48	3.1%
0.02	47	3.0%
0.26	38	2.5%
0.1	35	2.3%
0.21	33	2.1%
0.08	33	2.1%
0.32	32	2.1%
0.01	32	2.1%
Other values (68)	1064	68.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	124	8.0%
0.01	32	2.1%
0.02	47	3.0%
0.03	29	1.9%
0.04	28	1.8%
0.05	20	1.3%
0.06	24	1.5%
0.07	22	1.4%
0.08	33	2.1%
0.09	28	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.78	1	0.1%
0.76	2	0.1%
0.75	1	0.1%
0.74	4	0.3%
0.73	3	0.2%
0.72	1	0.1%
0.71	1	0.1%
0.7	2	0.1%
0.69	4	0.3%
0.68	8	0.5%

residual sugar
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	85
Distinct (%)	5.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5130771125

Minimum	0.1640382198
Maximum	0.809290928
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1640382198
5-th percentile	0.3607363954
Q1	0.4500494896
median	0.5131574298
Q3	0.5729387001
95-th percentile	0.7073442049
Maximum	0.809290928
Range	0.6452527082
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1228892104

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1038069158
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2023222499
Kurtosis	0.5064301426
Mean	0.5130771125
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0631079402
Skewness	0.1026886922
Sum	795.7826015
Variance	0.01077587576
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4733815895	154	9.9%
0.5131574298	128	8.3%
0.49430184	125	8.1%
0.4238773323	124	8.0%
0.4500494896	117	7.5%
0.5302327009	108	7.0%
0.5457626608	84	5.4%
0.5599431672	84	5.4%
0.5729387001	79	5.1%
0.3943310756	74	4.8%
Other values (75)	474	30.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1640382198	5	0.3%
0.2256276523	4	0.3%
0.2776890781	34	2.2%
0.3222299619	29	1.9%
0.3607363954	56	3.6%
0.3780886209	2	0.1%
0.3943310756	74	4.8%
0.4095643368	2	0.1%
0.4238773323	124	8.0%
0.4500494896	117	7.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.809290928	1	0.1%
0.8076153887	1	0.1%
0.8057977635	1	0.1%
0.795571235	1	0.1%
0.783871814	1	0.1%
0.7830309794	1	0.1%
0.7821692905	2	0.1%
0.78038026	1	0.1%
0.777519973	1	0.1%
0.7754844651	2	0.1%

chlorides
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	142
Distinct (%)	9.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.08644487427

Minimum	0.038
Maximum	0.611
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.038
5-th percentile	0.0555
Q1	0.071
median	0.079
Q3	0.09
95-th percentile	0.122
Maximum	0.611
Range	0.573
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.019

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.04278465987
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4949357638
Kurtosis	46.14881628
Mean	0.08644487427
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.009
Skewness	5.977871288
Sum	134.076
Variance	0.00183052712
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.08	66	4.3%
0.074	55	3.5%
0.078	51	3.3%
0.076	51	3.3%
0.084	49	3.2%
0.077	47	3.0%
0.082	46	3.0%
0.075	45	2.9%
0.071	45	2.9%
0.079	43	2.8%
Other values (132)	1053	67.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.038	2	0.1%
0.039	4	0.3%
0.041	2	0.1%
0.042	3	0.2%
0.043	1	0.1%
0.044	3	0.2%
0.045	3	0.2%
0.046	3	0.2%
0.047	4	0.3%
0.048	4	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.611	1	0.1%
0.467	1	0.1%
0.464	1	0.1%
0.422	1	0.1%
0.415	3	0.2%
0.414	1	0.1%
0.413	1	0.1%
0.403	1	0.1%
0.401	1	0.1%
0.387	1	0.1%

free sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	56
Distinct (%)	3.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.105653517

Minimum	0
Maximum	5.926269153
Zeros	3
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1.535539362
Q1	2.248370806
median	3.10733293
Q3	3.827880953
95-th percentile	4.628351204
Maximum	5.926269153
Range	5.926269153
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.579510147

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.9747761001
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.313871491
Kurtosis	-0.6438567568
Mean	3.105653517
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.7931477906
Skewness	-0.04569342
Sum	4816.868605
Variance	0.9501884453
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.046205856	136	8.8%
1.812859058	103	6.6%
3.317115946	77	5.0%
2.991877426	75	4.8%
2.73384422	74	4.8%
2.248370806	70	4.5%
2.587813607	62	4.0%
2.867881765	59	3.8%
3.50420748	59	3.8%
3.10733293	55	3.5%
Other values (46)	781	50.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3	0.2%
0.7291977496	1	0.1%
1.191008045	49	3.2%
1.535539362	41	2.6%
1.812859058	103	6.6%
1.934073038	1	0.1%
2.046205856	136	8.8%
2.248370806	70	4.5%
2.427186101	55	3.5%
2.587813607	62	4.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.926269153	1	0.1%
5.499075075	1	0.1%
5.402252634	1	0.1%
5.368955439	1	0.1%
5.33511674	3	0.2%
5.300717059	4	0.3%
5.265735819	2	0.1%
5.193940326	2	0.1%
5.157078605	1	0.1%
5.119540169	1	0.1%

total sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	142
Distinct (%)	9.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.943582802

Minimum	1.875722899
Maximum	5.828287448
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.875722899
5-th percentile	2.549852854
Q1	3.346596028
median	3.962830575
Q3	4.550629496
95-th percentile	5.325481222
Maximum	5.828287448
Range	3.952564549
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.204033468

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.838462075
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2126142945
Kurtosis	-0.7006047324
Mean	3.943582802
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.6162345468
Skewness	-0.005040227028
Sum	6116.496925
Variance	0.7030186512
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.630437137	43	2.8%
3.448605795	36	2.3%
3.11304496	35	2.3%
2.902901322	35	2.3%
2.823885796	33	2.1%
3.23537255	33	2.1%
3.751278659	32	2.1%
3.994882181	31	2.0%
3.587410737	30	1.9%
3.398653799	30	1.9%
Other values (132)	1213	78.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.875722899	3	0.2%
2.045204945	4	0.3%
2.193092181	14	0.9%
2.324372176	13	0.8%
2.442472718	27	1.7%
2.549852854	26	1.7%
2.64833766	29	1.9%
2.739319624	28	1.8%
2.823885796	33	2.1%
2.902901322	35	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.828287448	1	0.1%
5.788447911	1	0.1%
5.747408557	1	0.1%
5.730639946	1	0.1%
5.722177457	1	0.1%
5.713661953	2	0.1%
5.696469138	1	0.1%
5.687790413	2	0.1%
5.679055844	3	0.2%
5.661416185	3	0.2%

density
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	416
Distinct (%)	26.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.9967721599

Minimum	0.9912
Maximum	1.00289
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.9912
5-th percentile	0.993855
Q1	0.99565
median	0.99676
Q3	0.99781
95-th percentile	0.9998
Maximum	1.00289
Range	0.01169
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.00216

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.001729584635
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.001735185536
Kurtosis	0.2683798665
Mean	0.9967721599
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0011
Skewness	0.1123607415
Sum	1545.99362
Variance	2.991463009 × 10^-6
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9972	36	2.3%
0.9968	35	2.3%
0.9976	34	2.2%
0.998	29	1.9%
0.9962	27	1.7%
0.9978	26	1.7%
0.997	24	1.5%
0.9982	23	1.5%
0.9964	23	1.5%
0.9966	23	1.5%
Other values (406)	1271	81.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9912	1	0.1%
0.9915	1	0.1%
0.99162	1	0.1%
0.99191	1	0.1%
0.9922	2	0.1%
0.99235	1	0.1%
0.99236	1	0.1%
0.9924	3	0.2%
0.99242	2	0.1%
0.99252	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.00289	1	0.1%
1.0026	1	0.1%
1.0022	2	0.1%
1.0021	2	0.1%
1.0014	6	0.4%
1.001	6	0.4%
1.0008	3	0.2%
1.0006	6	0.4%
1.0004	9	0.6%
1.0003	2	0.1%

pH
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	79
Distinct (%)	5.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.310399742

Minimum	2.86
Maximum	3.78
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.86
5-th percentile	3.07
Q1	3.21
median	3.31
Q3	3.4
95-th percentile	3.56
Maximum	3.78
Range	0.92
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1443163017
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.04359482629
Kurtosis	0.07326044267
Mean	3.310399742
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.09
Skewness	0.06090359956
Sum	5134.43
Variance	0.02082719494
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.36	56	3.6%
3.3	56	3.6%
3.26	51	3.3%
3.38	48	3.1%
3.39	48	3.1%
3.29	46	3.0%
3.32	44	2.8%
3.34	43	2.8%
3.28	42	2.7%
3.31	39	2.5%
Other values (69)	1078	69.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.86	1	0.1%
2.88	2	0.1%
2.89	2	0.1%
2.92	1	0.1%
2.93	3	0.2%
2.94	4	0.3%
2.98	4	0.3%
2.99	2	0.1%
3	5	0.3%
3.01	3	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.78	2	0.1%
3.72	2	0.1%
3.71	3	0.2%
3.69	4	0.3%
3.68	2	0.1%
3.67	3	0.2%
3.66	4	0.3%
3.63	3	0.2%
3.62	4	0.3%
3.61	8	0.5%

sulphates
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	92
Distinct (%)	5.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-0.6117173117

Minimum	-2.114887349
Maximum	0.4857661269
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Negative	1497
Negative (%)	96.5%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-2.114887349
5-th percentile	-1.157869371
Q1	-0.8350811533
median	-0.6228176745
Q3	-0.3736894824
95-th percentile	-0.07544061908
Maximum	0.4857661269
Range	2.600653476
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4613916709

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3348132031
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-0.5473332154
Kurtosis	0.3393083807
Mean	-0.6117173117
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2122634787
Skewness	-0.02792970866
Sum	-948.7735505
Variance	0.112099881
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.7376418385	68	4.4%
-0.678256673	68	4.4%
-0.8700438099	68	4.4%
-0.6228176745	59	3.8%
-0.8014051889	58	3.7%
-0.7689468332	54	3.5%
-0.8350811533	50	3.2%
-0.9063675399	49	3.2%
-0.707430378	49	3.2%
-0.5964582035	48	3.1%
Other values (82)	980	63.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-2.114887349	1	0.1%
-1.765173064	2	0.1%
-1.617990077	4	0.3%
-1.550083192	3	0.2%
-1.424258905	5	0.3%
-1.365867732	8	0.5%
-1.310211109	14	0.9%
-1.257103091	12	0.8%
-1.206374142	18	1.2%
-1.157869371	19	1.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4857661269	1	0.1%
0.478315085	2	0.1%
0.3774959193	1	0.1%
0.3544273194	1	0.1%
0.2623243004	2	0.1%
0.2515522306	1	0.1%
0.2347578696	1	0.1%
0.2171512617	2	0.1%
0.2049330136	1	0.1%
0.1792563921	1	0.1%

alcohol
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	62
Distinct (%)	4.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	10.39115624

Minimum	8.4
Maximum	14
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	8.4
5-th percentile	9.2
Q1	9.5
median	10.1
Q3	11
95-th percentile	12.4
Maximum	14
Range	5.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.01453631
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.09763459292
Kurtosis	-0.1858881517
Mean	10.39115624
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.7
Skewness	0.7584740148
Sum	16116.68333
Variance	1.029283924
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.5	136	8.8%
9.4	102	6.6%
9.8	76	4.9%
9.2	69	4.4%
10	67	4.3%
10.5	66	4.3%
11	59	3.8%
9.3	59	3.8%
9.6	59	3.8%
9.7	54	3.5%
Other values (52)	804	51.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8.4	2	0.1%
8.5	1	0.1%
8.7	2	0.1%
9	27	1.7%
9.05	1	0.1%
9.1	22	1.4%
9.2	69	4.4%
9.233333333	1	0.1%
9.25	1	0.1%
9.3	59	3.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14	1	0.1%
13.6	1	0.1%
13.5	1	0.1%
13.4	3	0.2%
13.3	3	0.2%
13.2	1	0.1%
13.1	1	0.1%
13	5	0.3%
12.9	8	0.5%
12.8	16	1.0%

quality
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.6344294

Minimum	3
Maximum	8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	5
Q1	5
median	6
Q3	6
95-th percentile	7
Maximum	8
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.7958446396
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1412467143
Kurtosis	0.2488314966
Mean	5.6344294
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.2504714688
Sum	8739
Variance	0.6333686903
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	667	43.0%
6	621	40.0%
7	190	12.3%
4	49	3.2%
8	16	1.0%
3	8	0.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	8	0.5%
4	49	3.2%
5	667	43.0%
6	621	40.0%
7	190	12.3%
8	16	1.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	16	1.0%
7	190	12.3%
6	621	40.0%
5	667	43.0%
4	49	3.2%
3	8	0.5%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality
0	1.103306	0.70	0.00	0.450049	0.076	2.867882	3.861490	0.9978	3.51	-0.801405	9.4	5
1	1.116875	0.88	0.00	0.572939	0.098	4.102521	4.686835	0.9968	3.20	-0.476630	9.8	5
2	1.116875	0.76	0.04	0.530233	0.092	3.317116	4.421290	0.9970	3.26	-0.546246	9.8	5
3	1.198255	0.28	0.56	0.450049	0.075	3.504207	4.550629	0.9980	3.16	-0.737642	9.8	6
4	1.103306	0.70	0.00	0.450049	0.076	2.867882	3.861490	0.9978	3.51	-0.801405	9.4	5
5	1.103306	0.66	0.00	0.423877	0.075	3.107333	4.056652	0.9978	3.51	-0.801405	9.4	5
6	1.120087	0.60	0.06	0.360736	0.069	3.317116	4.529951	0.9964	3.30	-1.206374	9.4	5
7	1.099721	0.65	0.00	0.164038	0.065	3.317116	3.292242	0.9946	3.39	-1.157869	10.0	7
8	1.116875	0.58	0.02	0.473382	0.073	2.587814	3.113045	0.9968	3.36	-0.768947	9.5	7
9	1.106811	0.50	0.36	0.746971	0.071	3.504207	5.212636	0.9978	3.35	-0.251804	10.5	5

Last rows

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality
1541	1.072117	0.725	0.20	0.772217	0.073	4.341848	4.891621	0.99770	3.29	-0.870044	9.2	5
1542	1.058737	0.550	0.15	0.423877	0.077	4.165264	3.896182	0.99314	3.32	-0.220914	11.6	6
1543	1.011306	0.740	0.09	0.394331	0.089	3.413163	3.542844	0.99402	3.67	-0.801405	11.6	6
1544	1.058737	0.510	0.13	0.530233	0.076	4.341848	4.056652	0.99574	3.42	-0.336470	11.0	6
1545	1.080486	0.620	0.08	0.450049	0.068	4.284797	3.994882	0.99651	3.42	-0.220914	9.5	6
1546	1.054038	0.600	0.08	0.473382	0.090	4.503448	4.171856	0.99490	3.45	-0.737642	10.5	5
1547	1.039149	0.550	0.10	0.513157	0.062	4.835265	4.351412	0.99512	3.52	-0.318618	11.2	6
1548	1.058737	0.510	0.13	0.530233	0.076	4.341848	4.056652	0.99574	3.42	-0.336470	11.0	6
1549	1.039149	0.645	0.12	0.473382	0.075	4.503448	4.171856	0.99547	3.57	-0.413072	10.2	5
1550	1.044250	0.310	0.47	0.660415	0.067	3.590783	4.115556	0.99549	3.39	-0.522316	11.0	6

Most frequently occurring

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality	# duplicates
19	1.076354	0.460	0.24	0.394331	0.077	3.590783	3.861490	0.99480	3.39	-0.678257	10.6	6	4
49	1.096052	0.360	0.46	0.494302	0.074	4.037594	4.171856	0.99534	3.40	-0.177388	11.0	7	4
60	1.096052	0.695	0.13	0.473382	0.076	2.991877	3.235373	0.99546	3.29	-0.870044	10.1	5	4
78	1.106811	0.510	0.02	0.394331	0.084	3.107333	3.751279	0.99538	3.36	-0.870044	10.5	6	4
4	1.044250	0.500	0.00	0.277689	0.057	3.317116	3.542844	0.99448	3.36	-1.257103	9.5	5	3
11	1.063313	0.640	0.21	0.423877	0.081	3.215430	3.751279	0.99689	3.59	-0.522316	9.8	5	3
36	1.088455	0.650	0.02	0.494302	0.066	2.427186	3.496620	0.99720	3.47	-0.499122	9.5	6	3
37	1.088455	0.690	0.07	0.559943	0.091	3.317116	3.292242	0.99572	3.38	-0.678257	11.3	6	3
57	1.096052	0.630	0.00	0.450049	0.097	3.215430	3.994882	0.99675	3.37	-0.737642	9.0	6	3
101	1.116875	0.600	0.26	0.473382	0.080	4.451077	5.531052	0.99622	3.21	-0.944133	9.9	5	3

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

Duplicate rows

Most frequently occurring